CNR 1949 Halifax to Yarmouth

As my father's 1949 tour of Nova Scotia by rail continues, he is travelling from Halifax to Yarmouth on the CNR. I am including employee timetables for CNR lines along his route so readers can 'follow along at home'.

You may recognize a couple of these photos - from a post about a later visit my spouse and I made to this area in the 1980s.

To my previous effort about Bridgewater.

My father's first shots out of Halifax are at the key (former) Halifax and South Western Railway location of Bridgewater. The conductor supervises the loading of headend traffic while a fellow passenger observes my father's work with his box camera.

By the time the following employee timetables were published in 1957, it seems that regular passenger service had been withdrawn from the CNR to Yarmouth (i.e. beyond Southwestern Junction). The 'mixed' 285/286 would be a reasonable proxy for my father's train.

My 1944 public timetable (not shown in this post) shows only mixed train service, Halifax to Yarmouth, on the CNR during the war.

My father's 1948 public timetable (not shown in this post) suggests he took No 87: ex Halifax 0805; Bridgewater 1105hr; Yarmouth 1745hr - daily except Sunday.

I am including all of the subdivision footnotes as some of the data is historically interesting.

My father's train only travels 4.3 miles on the Bedford Sub (Probably this segment was also within Halifax yard limits in 1949? Movement by ABS in 1949??), but the volume of passenger traffic and the operating details for Halifax are good to have 'out there' with my fellow internauts.

After departure, the passenger car diaphragm forms the right border of my father's photo which nicely takes in a lot of the physical plant and rolling stock to be found at Bridgewater.

from: 1915 Atlas of Canada; Government of Canada.

This map from 1915 above shows the Canadian Northern's territory running from Bridgewater over to the Bay of Fundy.

Just out of Bridgewater (CNR station), my father's train to Yarmouth crosses the LeHave [sic] River.
It has not yet passed through the town of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia and it won't be stopping there.

... see my link (above) about Bridge-whatever-it-was for more details.

Speaking of confusion ...

The Middleton Sub leads from Bridgewater Jct to Bridgetown (but beyond it on the older map above).
As everyone knows, Bridgewater Jct ... to Bridgetown ... is between CNR Bridgewater and Bridgewater NS.

Fortunately, this train will not operate on the Middleton Sub, so we can ignore all of this.


... Be sure to check out my new blog:
Is Halifax on Nova Scotia's east coast or on its south coast?

Having forsaken the Middleton Sub (above) beyond its junction switch, my father's route to Yarmouth continues below.

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Things to do in Yarmouth in 1949

My father wrote thousands of letters in his lifetime and was able to maintain many distant contacts simply because he enjoyed the writing and exchanging of letters. 

To some extent, the nearly magical act of sending a packet of material you created far, far away for just the price of a postage stamp might have been part of the attraction. As well, imagining an envelope working its way through the coordinated system of humans moving the mail via trains, trucks and ships also stirred the imagination. Then, there was also the lingering anticipation of a reply.

... All of this is completely lost on us today with effortless-to-send-and-nag, ubiquitous, spammy email ... and all the various expanding and collapsing spheres of social media. 

An RPO crashing along, curtained behind entrained snow, under coal smoke, is somewhat more romantic to picture ... than virtually identical hot server farms whacking up your 'code' into virtually identical 'packets' and forwarding them ... the whole process evidenced only by the blink of an LED. 

A closing signature with a fountain pen on rag paper could communicate more about the writer ...

Letter from Murray Calder, Oct 9, 1947.

... than a string of today's soulless, stamped-out-of-tin emoticons.  

😃🙉😎

... but I digress 😝 ...

What to do in Yarmouth ...

A friend of my grandfather's was the father of the woman shown below. She married an agronomist who subsequently worked out of Yarmouth. This family relationship, visit and tour was made possible by my father's correspondence habits.

Richard, Harold, Phyllis, Linda Wilson
(For my family looking in: Phyllis Angell was the daughter of John and Florence Angell).

Harold was in an Agricultural Program at Macdonald College (on Montreal's 'West Island')
Phyllis Angell had been in the teacher training program there.

Yarmouth.
At the left is a branch of 'The Canadian Bank of Commerce'.

This was the Wilson's home and it overlooked the CPR summer resort, the Lakeside Inn.
In the old days, people had to paint all those wooden window frames on a regular basis.

Above, the Lakeside Inn, in October 1949.

Below, with the water tank probably airbrushed out, circa 1950.

from: Canadian Pacific Hotels from Sea to Sea (brochure); circa 1950.

The eternal, rhetorical, geo-economic question I always like to ask my spouse on our vacations all across Canada is: How do you kill a railway?

Answer: Build a road beside it.

Above, turn right to reach Halifax (via the CNR route); turn left to reach Halifax (via the CPR route).

The railway-style 'telegraph poles' in this two-railway town are quite evident above and below.

Harold Wilson did his agronomist work out of this substantial provincial office building.

My father records these views as coming from the Osan Cosman farm near Yarmouth.
There may be more than one farmhouse here, as secondary houses were commonly maintained
for the 'hired man' and his family ... and/or the farmer's inheriting son.
Beyond the garden, someone is hanging up laundry.

My father's mother came from a prosperous dairy farm near Lachute, Quebec, and he would have enjoyed this tour.

As the 'boss' looks on at the left margin, it is probably his son shown with this fine team of oxen.
Oxen provided slow, steady power for plowing.

Those of us who know tractor-powered plowing blow our minds
when we imagine how quiet it was for farmers plowing with oxen or work horses.

A single-bottom plow in repose in a field.

Before the Dominion Atlantic, and Halifax & South Western railways reached Yarmouth ... there was the sea.
Ships from Boston and New York provided scheduled freight and passenger service to Yarmouth.

These numbered dories probably travel out to fishing areas on a larger mother ship.
The baskets may be used to contain fishing nets or lines of baited fishhooks.
In the centre-left distance you can just make out a wooden boxcar.

A CNR steel boxcar is easier to spot in this photo.
The large building at the left seems to be a 'cold storage' company.

Above, you can see the terminal building for the ships from the US which connected with the railway lines to Halifax and beyond.

This is the last view of Yarmouth my father presents in his book.
Next time, we'll board the DAR train for Digby and take the ferry to Saint John, New Brunswick ...

Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, CNR

After 92 years, this building was still standing.

Would it see its 100th birthday?

During our October 1980 figure-8 driving tour of Nova Scotia, including Cape Breton, I took a photo of an interesting station and we continued on our way to Yarmouth for the night.

Later I found postcards of this distinctive building. It burned down in December 1982.

During the last few months, I became aware that my father photographed the same station while using his annual railway vacation pass - received as a consequence of his being employed at CPR's Montreal headquarters. Thirty-one years apart, as junior employees in our early twenties, we had both selected October vacations.

I'm not particularly good at naming railway antecedent companies. Roads like the Canadian Northern and Canadian Pacific scooped up small railways like trading cards for their government subsidies and legal charters. Eventually, the 'set of trading cards' could be arranged as a complete railway network.

This may be a postcard of the Halifax and South Western (or Southwestern) Railway at Bridgewater. A number of smaller railways' equity shares in this region were purchased by Mackenzie and Mann Co Ltd, then exchanged for shares of the Halifax and South Western Railway. (Source: The Canadian Northern Railway, Pioneer Road of the Northern Prairies; TD Regehr; 1976; Macmillan)

Lumber etc (at the left) was a key regional product which needed railway transportation - but those poles might be intended for railway use ... or as mining pit props? On this hand-coloured postcard, which was mailed in 1912, you can see a train heading out with a loaded flatcar perhaps to lay ballast or to fill in a wooden trestle - the two trackside kegs might contain hardware for this work. Two smaller engines are on the next track. In the background behind the large engine to the right appears to be a smaller station building which we will see again. To the right of that engine is an elevator building. Originally, it seemed to be a grain elevator, but it could well be a coaling facility.

Notice how light the rail is.

Bridgewater had been the headquarters for the various Canadian Northern lines operating along the south coast of Nova Scotia between Halifax and Yarmouth and across to the Bay of Fundy. The large station and shop facilities probably owe their existence to Bridgewater's geographically central location.

I posted the card above on my old website and was particularly tickled when an elementary school student in Bridgewater emailed to ask me if he could use the image for a school project.

Here is an undated postcard of the station. It is now a Canadian Northern station. As this posting snowballed into a major research project, the mystery writing on the boxcar became clearer: 'Halifax and South Western' with probably a road number painted below. The only legible word on the sign above the verandah in the centre-left is 'ZEPHYR'.

video screencap from: Atlas of Canada; 1915; Government of Canada.

While not as nice as a scan, the vidcap above spares this large century-old book. From Halifax, you can follow the coast to Lunenburg ... and Bridgewater is due west from that location. With the Canadian Northern well-established here by 1911 (census and data collection) and 1915 (atlas publishing), you can see the government atlas divides Nova Scotia between Canadian Northern on the south coast and Canadian Pacific along the Bay of Fundy. To the extreme right is the Intercolonial's yellow territory around Halifax.

But notice that the Canadian Northern also reaches southwest into the interior from New Germany and also across to Victoria Beach on the Bay of Fundy. Victoria Beach is very close to the CPR's steamship connection with the main CPR system - that is, between Digby, Nova Scotia and Saint John, New Brunswick.

Above is an excerpt from an article in the Montreal Gazette of October 9, 1905.

Is it just me, or is everything happening in October? 

By 'Bridgenation' the writer may have meant Bridgewater (don't you just hate 'auto-correct?'). If you look near the Bay of Fundy, there is also a Bridgetown.

... So the Canadian Northern will have fast track from Halifax to Victoria Beach where a future 'steamship connection' is intimated by CW Spencer - Mackenzie and Mann's visiting General Manager of their eastern lines.

However, referring to the Canadian Northern arbitration, circa 1917, Ted Regehr writes:

'There were some plans to connect the Nova Scotia mileage with the rest of the system, either by means of the Intercolonial or by the construction of the Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Railway.'

Speaking of the Intercolonial ...

video screencap from: Atlas of Canada; 1915; Government of Canada.

Above, you can see the Halifax and South Western's route into Halifax, running parallel with the Intercolonial along the waterfront.

In 1912, the Minister of Railways had an engineering survey done of the harbour with a view to upgrading it. Facilities to dock 20 to 30 full-sized ocean steamships were recommended. A contract was awarded in 1913 with a completion date of 1917.

The Great War began in 1914. The Halifax Explosion of December 6, 1917 destroyed the old dock area shown above and the railway facilities.

*  *  *

Three Timetables from the Area

First, in 1916 ...

vidcap from: Official Guide, 1916 (reprint). Collection of LCGagnon

The earliest timetable comes from the Official Guide of 1916. 

You can see branches into Lunenburg and from Liverpool to Rapid Falls in the upper table.

In the lower table, notice the train operating from Caledonia and Brookfield Mines (in the interior) to the seaport of Lunenburg. 

There are many interesting little bits of history in the economic development of this area. In addition to Wikipedia, Kenneth Gansel wrote an interesting article in the Canadian Rail No 317 of 1978 which goes into some of this history.

*  *  *

Then in 1944 ...

CNR public timetable, April 1944.

* Table 51 shows the Canadian National Railway main route from Halifax to Yarmouth.
* There are only mixed trains on this line as World War Two nears its end. Non-essential civilian travel was discouraged to conserve resources for the war effort.
* Notice the (rail) motor car passenger service on the branch to Lunenburg.
* At Lockeport, as a passenger on the mixed train, you have 15 minutes to grab something to eat at the lunch counter.
* You can't travel by steamship between Yarmouth and Boston or New York. Earlier in the war, the US cities were not blacked out and this greatly facilitated the work of German U-boats in sinking coastal oil shipments etc. as they had silhouettes of ships to aim at. In October 1942, the Newfoundland ferry Caribou (travelling with a navy escort) was sunk with the loss of 137 lives - by a U-boat ... travellers are instructed in this timetable to contact company agents for sailing times to Newfoundland. 

* Tables 51A and 52 give good detail on the other former Canadian Northern lines near Bridgewater. 

* You will notice above that the railway has two 'Bridgewater places'. That is fine, but in fact there are THREE 'Bridgewaters' and that fact is what turned this 'little 5 photo post' into a longer research project.

*  *  *

Then in 1957 ...

CNR Employee timetable, Atlantic Region, Maritime District, 1957. Collection of LCGagnon

In the post-war prosperity, roads and private autos drew people away from passenger trains. As well, it is possible mail was being moved by truck in 1957, eliminating a subsidy which kept many low-demand passenger trains running. 

This employee timetable shows the Chester subdivision - 109 miles long - and if you look at the footnotes, you will read that terminal clearance is required at Bridgewater. This will come up later.

In 1949, my father probably travelled west from Halifax on train No 87, a passenger train which still ran shortly after the war.

*  *  *

THREE BRIDGEWATERS

from: Atlas of Canada; 1981; CAA/Reader's Digest.

Usually after a few decades, one can still see the traces of railway tracks and facilities from above. GoogleEarth is particularly useful for this. However, I was having great difficulty finding the original location of the Bridgewater station in the town of Bridgewater. From what I could detect, my father's photos did not match up at all.

The map above shows the railway lines well in grey. You can see the line from Halifax coming in from the northeast. From Mahone Bay to Lunenburg is one of the old branches. Bridgewater is the large yellow area. The line to Yarmouth continues to the southwest. The line toward the Bay of Fundy runs toward the northwest.

At Bridgewater, the original town is at the left and that is where one would expect to find the station. The line completes a turn of about 180 degrees as it crosses the LaHave River. A train arriving from Halifax sees the round turret of the station first ... I discovered.

My father travelled via the Maine short line to Saint John ... across to Digby ... via CPR running rights into Halifax ... then CNR from Halifax to Yarmouth ... CPR back to Digby for a return to Montreal.

This account from an old newspaper helped sort things out ...

From the St John Daily Sun, October 1, 1900.

The TOWN is on the right bank. The station is on the LEFT bank of the LaHave river.

Bridgewater (railway location) is on the Halifax side of the river.

Bridgewater Junction pertains only to the SWITCH leading off to the Bay of Fundy.

Bridgewater (the original town) is on the Yarmouth side of the river. 

Below is a current view of Bridgewater. Some of the roadbed is preserved as a trail, so you can still see the hairpin of the main line ... and the switch and its tangent toward the Bay of Fundy. The original bridge is used as part of the trail.

However, the former location of the station was still not obvious. 

(If anyone from the area is reading this, they are now shouting at the screen)

*  *  *

My father's photos from October 1949

photo by LCGagnon October 5, 1949

This is stated as being 'near Bridgewater'.
This is probably not the LaHave River at Bridgewater.

photo by LCGagnon October 5, 1949

Here is westbound No 87.

After some study, I believe this is the bridge over the LaHave at Bridgewater.

In this view, the train has left the station

it has passed the switch at Bridgewater Junction

 and it is about to travel through the original settlement at Bridgewater.

This train is still carrying mail - the first door after the power.

photo by LCGagnon October 5, 1949

The last two photos are in chronological order ...

This may be someone my father just met on the train, but I don't know who he is. The conductor is keeping his eye on the headend and the loading of baggage. The turret is on the 'Halifax end' of the station. The 'smaller station' can be seen beyond the conductor.

Where is the train order signal? There is none on either building. But as the 1957 footnotes indicated, a terminal clearance must be issued here so all trains must stop here for 'paper' of some sort.

I did not straighten this photo or crop it to avoid losing the station's date, to the left, 1888. The old-style CNR station sign with the black beveled sides can be seen.

*  *  *

In today's local geography, where is the station?

Here:

The view above is arranged to be as close as possible to the location of the second and last photo my father took of the station. In both cases, a large area of flat land is being used as a place for buildings and transportation equipment.

photo by LCGagnon October 5, 1949

Guessing at rail features from left to right ...

There seems to be a small gated yard with rail and other metal equipment.

Caboose track.

Enclosed (heated) water tank with its ball (float indicator) showing a full tank.

Switch locomotive - tender facing us.
In the distance, between the ice refrigerator car and that caboose, seems to be a coaling tower.
The 'Yarmouth end' of the 'smaller station' can be seen behind the car on the house track.
The track to the right is most likely an industrial siding.