Let's go to the beach! London & Port Stanley Railway Company - Postcards

It is far too hot for dandy highly-technical articles on the electrification of the L&PS from archive.org. 

Instead, here are some postcards which I've been chilling in the freezer for you.

This fine summary of the history of the line is the best and most concise writing you'll ever see on the subject. 

It is from:

The Intercity Electric Railway Industry in Canada; John F Due; 1966; University of Toronto Press.

If you are curious ... Footnote 14 (below) just refers to an unpublished thesis by another author circa the 1940s.

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All of the postcards below bear serial numbers indicating they were published in 1918 - although the photos may have been taken at a earlier date.

The photo immediately below also appears in the wartime annual report spanning the years 1916-1919.

A century ago, the seemingly 'endless' supply of coal-free hydro-electricity fuelled both economic optimism and large projects which would consume it.

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If you look closely, you will be able to see one of the freight motors used on the L&PS on the tail of the Port Stanley wye track (see the map at the end). It seems likely that freight motors were employed on especially busy days when long trains were necessary to meet passenger demand. 

With the war still on during the summer of 1918 (theoretically, the latest possible date for this '1918 postcard' photo) ... you can see that automobiles were surprisingly common even then. This is a bad omen for the future of the L&PS.

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Finally! ... we have a postcard which was actually used and postmarked. I was quite curious about the unlikely possibility of casino-based legalized gambling in Port Stanley a century ago. 

However, there are many definitions of casino which predate our modern acceptance of legalized gambling in all places at all times using smartphones. Elsewhere on the internet are photos of the large, open-air wooden dance floor on the second level of this ... casino. 

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Here is the most historically interesting page showing L&PS facilities and operations from that multi-year wartime annual report.

from: The London & Port Stanley Railway, Annual Reports 1916-1919; London Railway Commission (reprint).

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Below, you can see the London & Port Stanley tracks in Port Stanley circa 1920.

from: Historical Topographic Map Digitization Project - https://ocul.on.ca/topomaps/collection/

from: Historical Topographic Map Digitization Project - https://ocul.on.ca/topomaps/collection/

The South Western Traction Company (above) was completed from London to Port Stanley in 1907. Its barns and most of its cars were destroyed by fire shortly thereafter. The SWTC's interurban-type operations also ran along city streets. Comparing its rural routing side-by-side with the L&PS (above), you can see that even in the country, the SWTC could never be considered direct or high speed.

Once the London and Port Stanley acquired heavy, powerful 'hydro-electric' equipment which could run at a relatively high speed ... the SWTC could not compete. Operations of the SWTC were ended in October 1918 and the line was immediately scrapped.

Canadian Railway Schedules in 1868

Here are most of the Canadian railways as they presented themselves in print in 1868 - essentially at the time of Confederation. At this point there were other railways used by mines and in various industrial applications, and some railways were simply not included in this guide. For the sake of having them all in one place (in case that is helpful to you) here they are. 

This reprint was made from a microfilm of the sole copy of this guide in existence. This particular copy of the reprint was submerged for a period of time in a liquid of some sort ... so now the pages resist lying flat on the scanner. 

These tables are handy for calculating the average speed on particular routes, levels of service and the connections made with other railways and water transportation. There are notes on some of the tables specifying which city's solar time is used as the basis for the schedules ... as standard time and time zones were not yet in use.

A few photos are included to illustrate the relatively primitive railway technologies employed during this period.

from: A Locomotive Engineer's Album; George B Abdill; 1965; Bonanza Books.

Engine 55, Adam Brown, of the Great Western Railway.

Built by the Canada Works, Birkenhead, England.

Shown in 1870 after its conversion to a 4-4-0.

from: Railways; C Hamilton Ellis; 1974; Peebles Press.

Great Western Railway (Canada) sleeping car, no date.

Three tiers of berths on the left, with regular coach seats on the right.

from: A Locomotive Engineer's Album; George B Abdill; 1965; Bonanza Books.

September 13, 1870 at Fergus, Ontario during the opening of the Wellington, Grey and Bruce.

The locomotive is the ... Adam Brown.

Notice how light the rail is.

Near London in 1992 and the Loop Line Transfer

One never knows when pulling on a thread of the historic, tattered railway tapestry will unravel a mystery from the dawn of time.

There's no need to replace an 'expensive' mileboard when you can simply nail a modern sign to it.

The sign isn't worn out - and neither is the name!

Years before taking this entirely unattractive documentary photo, I had been producing rather useless computer databases using employee timetable data. I had come across the name shown on this mileboard on many occasions and I always wondered what this mysterious and wonderful Loop Line was. I took this photo because I was excited to find that the name actually existed in the wild!

Here's another photo taken of 'something significant' for documentary purposes. 

'Tillsonburg. Noon. Diamond near former CPR station on King Street. Looking North. Small yard is visible in background. In foreground, base for signalling device or interlocking' says my note.

... I'd believe the photo before I'd believe the note. 

There will be no final perfect answer to this line of inquiry. Some documents will follow.

CPR employee timetable; effective April 30, 1950. Collection of LC Gagnon.

Above is the employee timetable for the CPR subdivision through Tillsonburg, complete with subdivision footnotes.

Below are the employee timetables for the CNR subdivisions through Tillsonburg, complete with subdivision footnotes.

from: CNR employee timetable; effective October 27, 1957. Collection of LC Gagnon.

from: CNR, St Thomas Division/Wabash Railroad, Buffalo Division employee timetable; Effective Apr 27, 1958. Collection of LC Gagnon.

from: CNR, St Thomas Division/Wabash Railroad, Buffalo Division employee timetable; Effective Apr 27, 1958. Collection of LC Gagnon.

If this is too much data, don't worry - I brought some maps along (far below).

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Trying to find an illustration of the area to make this flat-wheeled drag of a posting more interesting, I accidentally found the following segment of a public timetable from 1876.

from: Railways of Canada; Nick and Helma Mika; 1972; McGraw-Hill Ryerson.

from: Railroad History 147; Robert C Post, Editor; Autumn 1982; Railway & Locomotive Historical Society.

To put you into the era and the railway, here is a freight locomotive built in the GWR shops in 1870.

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What is a Line?

A main line is, well, linear. 

An 'air line' is, I think, supposed to be both direct and level - as if someone was planning the railway by drawing a straight line in the air. 

A 'loop line' is, I think, supposed to provide an alternate route between two points. Essentially, when the loop line is completed, the railway has 'another way to get back' to where it started.

You might interject that there are other definitions of air line and loop line and I would quickly agree with you.

'Air line' can also be an advertising tool, It may suggest that great effort has been made to avoid curves and little hills and sags - which will cause the passenger (or investor) lurching discomfort.

When the builders were finished, the Great Western's main line connected John A Roebling's international Suspension Bridge at Niagara Falls through Hamilton and London to Windsor with a ferry to Detroit. You will see that the Loop Line was later built closer to the shore of Lake Erie.

from: The Railways of Canada (reprint); JM & E Trout; 1871; Monetary Times.

In the article above, 'narrow gauge' refers to Standard Gauge. The first gauge of new Canadian railways of the time was encouraged by legislation and subsidies to be the Provincial Gauge of 5 feet 6 inches. 

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If you look closely at the poster below, you'll see a lot of familiar railway lines ...

from: Railways of Canada; Nick and Helma Mika; 1972; McGraw-Hill Ryerson.

As always on this blog - notice that Hamilton (solar) 'railway' time is being used along all the lines. Standard time zones will eventually be made necessary by the 'solar time' busting speed of trains. At the bottom centre is a brain busting chart of local solar times to 'help' travellers.

On the subject of rails: By today's standards the Great Western, using all this new railway technology, had particularly bad luck with rails. It laid both inverted 'U' rails and rails connected by 'fish' (plates). During the world railway boom, demand for British rails was so high that good to poor quality metal was rushed out of the various rail plants  - and accepted by expanding railways - so the money-making infrastructure could be put into service quickly.

By popular demand, the GWR main line was also opened before the roadbed was properly graded and ballasted. Pounding trains, bad metal, frost heaving ... there were rail breaks all the time and the rolling stock took a lot of punishment as well. Rail seldom lasted a decade on the main line. The GWR set up a rail rolling plant in Hamilton in an effort to manage its rail problems 'at cost'.

All these early system failures contributed extra long-term debt to this pioneer's balance sheet.

As during the recent internet boom, railways often found it efficient to grow by acquisition. The skillful use of cash, debt, government subsidies and (blackmail) bonus incentives from towns wishing to be on your new route ... could determine whether you were an acquirer or an acquiree.

The Grand Trunk took over the GWR in 1882.

The GTR eventually became over-extended and was taken over by the classic 'Railroader of Last Resort' - the federal government in 1923. ..Sorry if I spoiled the ending there.

Here is the original Tillsonburg GWR station on its original site.
My note indicates an artist co-op occupied the station then and the roof pattern was reproduced from photos.
A GoogleCheck of the station today at Bridge and Bidwell Streets shows the elevator is gone.

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The Historical Magic of Komoka

Komoka is one of those magical railway places of destiny - like Red Pass Junction - where railway lines part to reach different destinations ... in this case Windsor or Sarnia.

An evening drive found us at the Komoka Railway Museum. I remember reading an opinion piece around this time that this particular museum had achieved remarkable community involvement and support and that it stood as a model for how railway museums might be integrated with their communities.

Exactly as you have likely identified it - this is the Museum's Shay in an early stage of restoration.

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O Komoka, where the steel rails part ...

During our evening drive in the area, we drove down this road, but I had no lens wide enough to document the Komoka spilt and no time to find and photograph the switch. With GoogleMaps and ConnectoryPokery you can see the line splitting for Sarnia at the left and the line for Windsor off the far, far right edge of the page. The switch itself is near the piping of the grain elevator leg on the right horizon. 

Beyond the horizon ... Hyde Park and exotic London towne!

from: CNR employee timetable, October 1973.

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Port Stanley Terminal Rail

For our visit, the main attraction in this area was the Port Stanley Terminal Rail.
Here, our train is reversing through the yard and into the station at Port Stanley.

This simple, efficient train provided the quintessential steel-on-steel experience for visitors.
The (protected) occupied robin's nest in the eves of the open car was going to be booked off for miles before the end of the month.

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The London and Port Stanley

from: The London and Port Stanley Railway, Annual Reports 1916-1919 (reprint)

These maps give you the routes of the key railways.
An enlargement below covers the original territory discussed above.

from: The London and Port Stanley Railway, Annual Reports 1916-1919 (reprint)

Historical illustrations follow - to put you into the historical context.

from: The London and Port Stanley Railway, Annual Reports 1916-1919 (reprint)

from: The London and Port Stanley Railway, Annual Reports 1916-1919 (reprint)

... so ends a quick vacation trip in the London area.